Glass sheet press shaping apparatus

ABSTRACT

Press bending heated glass sheets between a solid type-press bending mold and a frame-type press bending mold. The present invention relates to the construction of the frame-type press bending mold forming part of the present invention.

United States Patent [191 Seymour June 11, 1974 GLASS SHEET PRESS SHAPING [56] References Cited APPARATUS UNITED STATES PATENTS [75] Inventor: Samuel L. Seymour, Oakmont, Pa. 3,148,968 9/1964 Cypher 65/106 [73] Assignee PPG Industries, nc. Pittsburgh, Pa. 3,361.552 l/l968 Rltter, Jr 65/106 X [22] Filed: Oct. 20, 1972 Primary ExaminerArthur D. Kellogg Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Edward I. Mates; Thomas [21] App]. No.. 299,541 F Shanahan Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 77,284, Oct. l, [57] ABSTRACT I970 Press bending heated glass sheets between a solid type-press bending mold and a frame-type press bend- [52] US. Cl 65/273, 65/270531 63/528; ing mold The present invention relates to the com [5 Struction f the yp press bending mold form [58] Field of Search 65/106, 1 23/287, ing part of the present invention 4 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures PAIEMEMII I am SHEET 10F 5 PATENTEMIH 1 m4 SHEET 2 0F 5 aim-(52089 PATENTEDM I 1 an SHEET 3 BF 5 PATENTEl'mm mm 38161389 sum sur 5 FIG.6

GLASS SHEET PRESS SHAPING APPARATUS CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 77,284 of Samuel L. Seymour filed Oct. 1, 1970 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,717,449 for Treating Glass Sheets During Shaping and Cooling.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the fabrication of shaped glass products such as curved windows for vehicles such as automobiles, aircraft, speed boats and the like, cover plates for cathode ray tubes, bay windows and the like, glass sheets are shaped to their ultimate shape by press bending after they are heated to their deformation temperature by sandwiching the heat-softened glass sheets between a pair of press bending molds having complementary shaping surfaces conforming to the ultimate shape desired for the fabricated articles. An alternate well known method for shaping glass sheets to make such products involves gravity bending.

In gravity bending, one or more glass sheets are supported above a surface conforming to the shape desired forthe bent glass and the supported glass sags by gravity to conform to the shape of the surface. Since the hot glass tends to become marked when it contacts a shaping surface, gravity type molds are usually of the outline type that engage only the marginal portion of the bent glass. Gravity sag molds of the outline type are described and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,248,196 to Harold E. McKelvey. These outline type molds fail to control sag in the unsupported mold portion enclosed within the portion supported by the outline mold.

In press bending, heat-softened glass sheets are sandwiched between press bending molds of complementary curvature. In press bending using so-called solidtype molds, the molds engage the opposite major surfaces of the glass throughout approximately their entire extent as in U.S. Pat. No. 3,367,764 to Samuel L. Seymour. Frame type pressing molds engage glass sheets in their marginal portions only as in U.S. Pat. 3,256,080 to Jean Vranken. A combination of a solid mold engaging one side over approximately its entire extent and a frame mold engaging the other side in its marginal portion only is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,123,459 to Carl Hens.

Each of these press bending operations has its drawbacks. The mold surface tends to impress any irregularities into the glass surface to a greater extent when both major surfaces are engaged during press bending. This causes optical defects in the vision portion of the finished product that is shaped by press bending using solid type molds. Using frame molds instead of solid type molds avoids optical defects due to mold contact in the vision portion, but fails to control the shape of the intermediate region of the glass any better than gravity sag bending using an outline type mold. When a hot glass sheet is press bent between a solid-type press bending mold and a frame-type press bending mold, there is less marring of the viewing portion of the bent glass sheet than when the glass is pressed between two solid-type molds. However the opposite surfaces of the glass sheet cool to different temperatures above the strain point during shaping. Then, the bent glass sheet warps thermally when it cools to a symmetrical temperature gradient below the strain point of the glass. In the past, attempts were made to compensate for this warpage by press bending the glass to a shape different from the ultimate shape. However, this technique met with limited success because of the difficulty in maintaining uniform the many parameters such as heating pattern in the furnace, mold temperatures, uniformity of glass thickness, etc., that determined the amount of compensation needed for each bent glass sheet pattern.

In the past, glass sheets have been press bent by engaging heat-softened glass between a solid male pressing mold of convex contour and a stretched fiber glass cloth. The cloth is expected to conform to the shape of the male pressing mold and thus help shape the heatsoftened glass sheet to the shape of the male pressing mold by pressurized engagement. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,077,753 to Dammers, 3,459,521 to Nedelec, 3,600,150 to Rougeux and 3,677,731 to Martin illustrate this construction, which does not limit the amount of stretching that a fiber glass cloth may be subjected to during press bending. Too much stretching causes the fabric to weaken prematurely.

Fiberglass covers have been wrapped around the outline frame of a frame-type pressing mold used with a solid continuous male pressing mold covered with fiberglass to avoid chill cracking of the glass resulting from direct glass to metal mold contact. U.S. Pat. No. 3,361,552 to Ritter shows such a construction. Much time is consumed in wrapping and unwrapping the fiber glass windings from the frame type pressing mold whenever the cover must be replaced.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,144,319 to Robinson and 3,574,590 to Tank attach a pressing mold cover of fiber glass to preshaped elements or a frame to prevent the cover from wrinkling when a heat-softened glass sheet is engaged by the pressing mold. In Robinson, tensioning members hold the fiber glass cover between the preshaped elements in tension and in contact with the mold surface. Tank uses the frame to tension the glass cover in two directions and readily removes the frame when the cover must be replaced. The mold cover has a solid, continuous surface which the fiber glass cover entirely covers.

SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION The present invention suggests a novel apparatus for glass sheet treatment steps. First, it press bends glass sheets between a solid-type mold and a frame-type mold, thereby reducing optical marking in the viewing area to some extent. In addition, the present invention uses a novel cover arrangement for the frame-type pressing mold that enables the frame-type pressing mold to positively shape the glass in cooperation with the solid pressing mold and enables the cover to be se cured in tension to said frame-type bending mold so that said cover extends across the opening defined by the frame-type bending mold with sufficient tension to help prevent mechanical distortion of the glass sheet during shaping in the area enclosed by the frame, yet is provided with sufficient reinforcement by the frame to insure that the cover for the frame-type pressing mold has the shape desired to engage the solid pressing mold in the enclosed area.

The manner by which the present invention accomplishes its desired results of providing mass production of press bent and cooled glass articles will be better understood from a detailed description of a preferred embodiment and modifications thereof that follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the drawings that form part of the description of a preferred embodiment and wherein like reference numbers refer to like structural elements,

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal assembly view of a preferred embodiment of apparatus for performing the present invention, part of which is fragmentary to show certain elements clearly;

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary plan view of a press bending station forming part of the apparatus of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary end view of the press bending station of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a cooling station forming part of the apparatus of FIG. 1 with certain parts omitted to show other parts clearly;

- FIG. 5 is a top plan view, partly in horizontal section, of the cooling station of FIG. 4 with certain parts omitted to show other parts clearly;

FIG. 6 is a detailed side view of a frame-type press bending mold from the press bending station with part of its cover removed to show other structural elements; and

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines VII VII of FIG. 2.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring particularly to FIG. 1, a conveyor 11 is shown extending in a horizontal direction through a tunnel-like furnace 14, a press bending station 16 and a cooling station 18. The conveyor 11 is conventional for this type of apparatus and comprises a series of rolls arranged in end-to-end sections, each section being selectively driven by a clutch (not shown). The rolls are mounted on a conventional support means for rotation. The rotating rolls support a series of carriages 20 for controlled movement in a manner well known in the art to cause the glass sheets to move along a given horizontal path while the sheets are suspended in a vertical plane.

Each carriage 20 is provided with a number of tongs 22 of the self-closing type, preferably of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,089,727 to William J. Hay, that grip a glass sheet G to be treated, the number and arrangement of the tongs being determined by the size and shape of glass sheet undergoing treatment. The carriage has an upper rail 24 that rides on the conveyor rolls. A cam 26 is mounted on the upper rail 24 to engage and disengage limit switches whose operation will be described later.

The furnace I4 is provided with heating elements arranged along its opposite walls to heat a succession of glass sheets G conveyed through the furnace. The amount of heating provided through the heating elements is correlated with the time it takes for a glass sheet to traverse the furnace 14 so that the glass sheet G is at least at its deformation temperature when it arrives at the press bending station 16. The furnace includes a limit switch that controls a timer circuit (not shown) that controls the opening of an exit door to the furnace and the operation of a high speed conveyor section that transfers the carriage that happens to be the leading carriage 20 of a series of carriages in the furnace at the time to a desired position at the press bending station 16, as is conventional.

The press bending station 16 comprises a pair of press bending molds including a frame-type female mold 31 shown to the left of FIGS. 2 and 3 and a solidtype male mold 32 shown to the right of these drawings. The molds are shown in their retracted position on either side of the given path traversed by the glass sheet G along conveyor 11. Piston assemblies 33 and 34 are attached to the rear of the frame-type mold 31 and the solid-type mold 32, respectively, to move the molds between the depicted retracted position and a glass engaging position. Support frames 35 are provided for each of the piston assemblies.

A limit switch 40 is provided at the press bending'station 16 for engagement by the cam 26 on each carriage 20 to actuate a timer circuit (not shown) that causes the piston assemblies 33 and 34 to move molds 31 and 32 toward the opposite surfaces of a glass sheet, hold the molds in engagement for a desirable time and then retract.

Meanwhile, another limit switch 42 beyond limit switch 40 is engaged by cam 26 to actuate a timer circuit (not shown) that controls the stopping of the conveyor section that transfers a carriage 20 from the furnace 14 to the press bending station 16 to control the position at which the carriage 20 stops so that the glass sheet G is aligned in a proper position between the molds 31 and 32. The timer circuit disengages a control clutch (not shown) and actuates a brake (not shown) to keep the transfer conveyor section stopped until the molds 31 and 32 engage the glass sheet G. Then the timer releases the brake to clear the conveyor 11 for moving the carriage 20 from the press bending station- 16 to the cooling station 18 when it reactivates the clutch. The details of the conveyor system and its limit switch controls are well known in the art and form only part of the environment for the present invention, not of the invention per se.

The solid-type male mold 32 is preferably of the type covered by U.S. Pat. No. 3,367,764 to Samuel L. Seymour and comprises a relatively flexible shaping plate about inch thick of hot rolled steel having an outer shaping face 51 of convex contour, a relatively rigid plate 52 thicker and slightly larger than shaping plate 50 (composed of /2 inch thick cold rolled No. 1018 carbon steel) behind the latter, with a series of connecting elements 53 adjustable in length connecting spaced points along the rear surface of the shaping plate 50 to corresponding shaped points along the front of the rigid plate 52 so that adjusting the length of each connecting element 53 changes the configuration of the shaping face 51 in the vicinity of the adjusted connecting element.

The shaping plate 50 has a series of notches 54 along its upper edge to provide clearance for the glass gripping tongs 22 during press bending. The rigid plate 52 is securely connected in spaced relation to a piston plate 55 through externally threaded bolts 56 and lock nuts. The piston plate 55 moves with the ram of the piston assembly 34 in a manner well known in the art.

In order to protect the hot glass sheet G from direct Contact with the metal of the shaping plate 50, a cover of knit fiber glass cloth 57 is provided in direct contact over the shaping face 51. A series of closely spaced clamps 58 are mounted around the periphery of either the rigid plate 52 or the piston plate 55, whichever is more convenient, to clamp the cover 57 in position where it is in unwrinkled condition over the shaping surface 51 that it covers. The cover is preferably formed by knitting textured fiber glass yarn as disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3,148,968 to James H. Cypher and Clement E. Valchar.

The frame-type press bending mold 31 is similar in construction to the solid-type pressing mold 32 in that it has a rigid plate 62 attached rigidly to a piston plate 65, which plates have constructions similar to those provided for the plates 52 and 55 associated with the solid-type press bending mold 32. In the case of the frame-type press bending mold, its piston plate 65 is attached to the front end of the ram for the piston assembly 33.

The pressure applying element of the frame-type press bending mold 31 is a frame 60 having an outline shaping surface 61 complementary to the shape of the shaping surface 51 of the solid-type press bending mold 32. The frame 60 is showin in FIG. 7 in cross-section having a head portion 63 of hot rolled steel 1% inch wide and 3/16 inch thick and a stem portion 64 l-l/l 6 inch long and 3/16 inch thick. The stem portion is connected at spaced portions along its length to a series of adjustable connectors 66 interconnecting the stem portion 64 of the shaping frame 60 with the rigid plate 62 so that when adjustable connectors 66 have their length adjusted, each one modifies the curvature of the frame in the vicinity of its connection to the stem portion 64. The outline shaping surface 61 is formed on the head portion 63.

Notches 67 are provided along the length of the upper horizontal run of the head portion 63 of the shaping frame 60. The notches 67 align with the notches 54 to provide clearance for the tongs 22 when the molds 31 and 32 engage a heat-softened glass sheet to shape the latter.

lnitially, the hot glass sheets G coming from the furnace 14 into the press bending station 16 must be protected against contact with the relatively cold metal of the head portion 63. Consequently, a fiber glass cover 70 extends completely across the opening enclosed by frame 60, over the outline shaping surface 61 and over the outer margin of the head portion 63 and a series of clamps 72 secure the perimeter of the fiber glass cover 70 to the nearest connectors 66.

The cover 70 for the frame-type female mold 31 is preferably of the same material as the cover 57 which covers the solid-type male mold 32.

Under ordinary circumstances, a fiber glass cover for a female press bending mold tends to wear, particularly in case the frame-type mold defines a non-uniform curvature including one or more regions of relatively sharp curvature. However, it has been found unnecessary to replace a worn fiber glass cover for a frame-type press bending mold when a mass productive operation continues without interruption under certain circumstances. These circumstances require that the head portion 63 attain a temperature at least equal to the strain point of the glass as of the time the cover for the press bending mold is worn out. This objective can be accomplished by using two layers of knit fiber glass cloth having the following specifications:

28 gauge (18 needles per inch) 26 stitch or courses per inch made of fiber glass yarn l50l/O1.0 Z DE about percent textured.

Before the time the head portion reaches the strain point of the glass, the fiber glass cover provides suitable insulation to protect the hot glass from direct contact with the frame at a temperature below the strain point of the glass. However, as soon as the head portion reaches a temperature at least equal to the strain point of the glass, the danger of chill cracking resulting from direct contact is reduced.

Knit fiber glass cloth covers for male press bending molds do not become worn as rapidly as those used to cover female press bending molds. Furthermore, the solid shaping plate which forms the shaping face 51 of the solid-type male mold 32 does not increase in temperature as rapidly as the less massive shaping frame which forms the pressing face 61 of the female pressing mold 31. Hence, the ability of the knit fiber glass cover 57 to insulate the glass from direct contact with the shaping plate 50 remains in effect after the requirement for such thermal insulation is no longer necessary in the case of the female frame press bending mold 31.

The cooling station 18 (FIGS. 1, 4 and 5) comprises a pair of plenum chambers 76 and 78, which are connected to a source of air under pressure through flexible couplings 79. Suitable valve means (not shown) are provided in the air supply systems to control the pressure supply to the plenum chambers 76 and 78. The plenum chambers are supported by a frame having front and rear cross beams 80 and longitudinal connecting beams 81. The beams 80 and 8 1 are below the cooling station 18. Vertical posts 82 for each plenum chamber are connected to the frame beams and rise upwardly therefrom and are connected at their upper ends to their respective plenum chambers 76 or 78. The vertical posts 82 are slidably supported in sleeves 83 and are loaded by springs 84 to control vertical reciprocation of the plenum chambers 76 and,78. A rigid support frame 85 supports the vertical sleeves 82. Pistons 86 and 87 are mounted to the rear of plenum chambers 76 and 78, respectively, on platforms carried by said beam frame.

A motor 90 acting through a drive shaft 92 and eccentric cams 94 support each connecting beam 81 for vertical movement so as to cause the plenum chambers 76 and 78 to reciprocate vertically as the spring loaded vertical posts 82 reciprocate in sleeves 83.

Each plenum chamber is bifurcated to provide upper and lower air passages 95 and 96, respectively, for plenum chambers 76 and additional upper and lower passages 9'7 and 98, respectively, for plenum chamber 78. Each of these passages terminates in an apertured end wall that faces the path of travel taken by the glass sheets G as defined by the conveyor 11. The apertures in the respective end walls 100 are vertically aligned between the upper and lower air passages for each plenum chamber and horizontally aligned from plenum chamber to plenum chamber. A collar 102 extends outward from each aperture in the apertured end walls. Each collar receives a horizontal portion 104 of an elbow 106. Each elbow 106 includes a vertical portion 108. The vertical portion 108 of each elbow 106 associated with the apertures in the walls terminating the upper air passages 95 and 97 extends vertically downward, while the vertical portions 108 of the elbow 106 associated with the apertures in the walls terminating the lower air passages 96 and 98 extend vertically upward. The position of the horizontal portion 104 of each elbow 106 is adjustable axially to its associated collar 102.

A clamp 110, similar to that used in automobile radiator hoses, is provided to fix the relative position of each horizontal portion 104 of each elbow with respect to its associated collar 102. The vertical portions 108 of each pair of elbows 106 in vertical alignment with each other for each of the plenum chambers 76 or 78 are interconnected by an apertured nozzle box 112 of rectangular cross section through substantially its entire extent and terminating in rounded end portions 114 of circular cross section that are adapted for connection with the adjacent vertical portion 108. In this manner, the apertured nozzle boxes 112 interconnect the vertically aligned vertical portions 108 of corresponding elbows 106. Each apertured nozzle box 112 has an apertured vertical wall 116, the apertures 118 of which are aligned in obliquely extending rows and cross rows. Each apertured nozzle box 112 is capable of being pivoted about a vertical axis and clamped in any desired orientation, preferably to face a portion of a curved glass sheet G so that air blasted into the respective plenum chambers is discharged through the apertures 118 in a direction approximately normal to the surface of the glass sheet G supported between the plenum chambers for cooling.

The motor 90 through drive shaft 92 and eccentric cams 94 causes the plenum chambers 76 and 78 together with their associated nozzle boxes 112 to reciprocate vertically while air under pressure is discharged against the opposite surfaces of glass sheet suspended by tongs. The position of each nozzle box 112 may be adjusted by horizontal adjustment of its attached upper and lower elbows 106 by moving the horizontal elbow portions 104 until they reach such positions that in plan view such as FIG. 5, the nozzle boxes 112 provide parallel shapes conforming to the shape of the bent glass sheet to be cooled. The blast emanating from each aperture 118 of the apertured vertical walls 116 of the nozzle boxes 1'12 defines a vertical elongated area of cooling. Each of these areas overlaps the areas of cooling provided by air blasts from adjacent nozzles. This overlapping is both horizontal and vertical.

. The cooling apparatus also comprises a tempering ring 1 20 of outline configuration to engage the marginal portion of one of the glass sheet surfaces. To accomplish this end, the ring 120 is disposed in front of plenum chamber 78 and between plenum chamber 78 and the path of glass sheet travel defined by the conveyor 11. While a continuous ring is depicted, it is understood that a series of spaced ring sections may be substituted depending on the severity of curvature of the glass sheet treated.

The tempering ring 120 comprises a rail 122 disposed with a serrated edge 124 at the edge surface facing the path or course travelled by the glass sheets. The edge surface that is serrated has a shape conforming to the shape and outline of a press bent sheet, except that the edge surface 124 of the continuous rail 122 defines a shape spaced slightly inward (about /16 inch) from the entire perimeter'of the treated glass sheet. Rail 122 also has apertures 125 of a size and shape sufficient to permit tempering medium to escape after it chills the glass sheet G. Thin wire or flexible ribbon can be looped between the apertures 125 and the edge surface 124 to further enhance the flow of tempering medium from the glass surface.

The tempering ring also includes means to provide structural rigidity for the rail 122. This latter means comprises an outrigger support pipe 126 and suitable connecting rods 128 that interconnect the reinforcing outrigger pipe 126 with the outer surface of rail 122 in a position spaced from the serrated edge 124 of the latter. The pipe 126 is rigidly secured to a frame member 130 and the frame member includes rearwardly extending horizontal guide rods 131 slidable in sleeves 132. The latter are securely fastened to support frame 85.

Apertured brackets 133 are secured to the frame member 130 to receive vertical guide rods 134. The latter interconnect vertically spaced ears 135 attached to a vertically extending angle member 136 rigidly attached to each side of each plenum chamber 76 and 78 (although only the attachment to plenum chamber 78 is shown). Pistons 86 and 87 operate in unison to move the plenum chambers 76 and 78 in and out in unison with the tempering ring 120, yet the structure allows vertical reciprocation of the plenum chambers relativ to the tempering ring.

Referring now to FIG. 1 again, a pair of limit switches 140 and 142 is provided at the cooling station 18. Limit switch 140 is positioned for actuation by the cam 26 at the upper rail 24 of a carriage to actuate a timer that controls the blowing of air under pressure into the plenum chamber and the movement of the plenum chambers 76 and 78 and the tempering ring 120 into a position wherein the ring 120 engages a glass sheet and supports the latter for a preset time until the plenum chambers and tempering ring are retracted to provide clearance for the cooled glass sheet to leave the cooling station and another sheet to enter. Limit switch 142 also disposed along the path of movement of cam 26, actuates another timer that actuates another stop mechanism similar to the one provided at the press bending station 16 to insure that the carriage stops at a proper position so that the glass sheet G is aligned with the tempering ring 120.

Provision is made to blast the air into plenum chamber 76 at a slightly higher pressure than the pressure applied to the air supply to plenum chamber 78. This pressure differential forces the bent glass sheet G to be blown against the tempering ring 120 in the initial stage of the cooling operation before the glass sheet becomes set so that the marginal portion of the glass which contacts the serrated edge surface 124 of the tempering ring rail 122 conforms to the desired shape.

In addition, this differential pressure causes a greater flow of chilling medium against the convex surface of the glass which was in pressurized engagement with the frame-type female mold 31 about its marginal portion only and lesser flow of chilling medium against the concave surface of the glass sheet which was in pressurized engagement with the solid-type mold 32 through substantially its entire extent. Therefore, the glass sheet G, which had a surface temperature differential imposed from surface to surface during the press bending step, has this temperature differential reduced, if not completely eliminated, during the cooling operation.

In a typical operation given by way of example to describe working embodiments of the present invention, glass sheets gripped along their upper edge portion by tongs were passed through a furnace to reach a surface temperature of about l,220 to 1,230F. Each glass sheet was removed from the furnace on obtaining a temperature in the desired temperature range and was transferred to the press bending station 16 in about 4% seconds. When the glass reached the press bending station, it took about 2 seconds for the press bending molds 31 and 32 to engage the glass sheet for pressurized engagement. The shaping members were held in pressurized engagement against the glass sheet for about 4 seconds. The glass sheet remained at the shaping station while the pressing molds were retracted from one another and then moved into the cooling station 18, taking an additional time of about 4 seconds for this latter operation.

At the cooling station the following parameters were used: for glass having a nominal thickness of one quarter inch, the apertured vertical walls 116 of the opposed plenum chambers were spaced 7 inches apart and pressures of 8 ounces per square inch and ounces per square inch applied to the opposite glass surfaces; for 3/16 inch nominal thickness glass, the spacing between opposite plenum chambers was reduced to 6 inches and thepressure increased to 11 ounces per square inch and 8 ounces per square inch against the respective surfaces; for glass having a nominal thickness of 5/32 inch, the spacing between opposed plenum chambers was only 5 inches and opposing pressures were 18 ounces per square inch and l5 ounces per square inch, respectively.

Without the tempering ring, the glass sheets were bent to configurations outside the tolerances permitted by the customer, necessitating adjusting the shape of the press bending molds to compensate for the distortion on cooling. Such adjustments failed to provide results that were consistent. The incorporation of a tempering ring, and, in instances of patterns requiring less severe curvature, upper and lower rails only or side rails only shaped to the portion of the outline configuration they represented, improved the compliance of the bent glass sheets to desired tolerances.

The form of the invention shown and described in this disclosure represents an illustrative preferred embodiment thereof. It is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined in the claimed subject matter that follows.

I claim:

1. Apparatus for bending glass sheets comprising a v pair of complementary molds one of which is a frametype bending mold having an outline shaping surface that conforms approximately to the shape and outline desired for a glass sheet to be shaped, a knit fiber glass cloth cover extending across the opening enclosed by said frame-type bending mold and means to secure said cover in tension to said frame-type bending mold so that said cover extends across said opening, said fiber glass cloth cover being of sufficient strength and being mounted across said opening under sufficient tension to control the shape of adjacent portions of said glass sheet while bending said glass sheet between said pair of complementary molds.

2. Apparatus as in claim 1 for use in press bending wherein the other of said pair of complementary molds comprises a solid type bending mold having a continuous shaping surface conforming to the contour of said frame-type bending mold and a fiber glass cloth cover over said continuous shaping surface, and means providing relative movement between said molds between a retracted position and a closed position for engaging the opposite surfaces of a heat-softened glass sheet between said covers while said molds apply pressure against said opposite surfaces.

3. Apparatus as in claim 1, wherein said frame-type mold comprises a shaping frame having a head portion and a stem portion, a rigid plate behind the shaping frame and a series of adjustable connectors interconnecting the stern portion with the rigid plate and means to clamp the end portions of said fiber glass cover to the nearest connectors so that the cover extends in tension over the margin of the shaping frame and over the outline shaping surface defined by said frame.

4. Apparatus as in claim 3, wherein said frame-type bending mold at an initial ambient room temperature is used in an uninterrupted mass production press bending operation of heat-softened glass sheets, further characterized by said knit fiber glass cloth cover being constructed to have sufficient durability to resist wear during intermittent press bending of successive glass sheets at least until the temperature of said head portion reaches an elevated temperature at least equal to the strain point of the glass and sufficient heatinsulating properties to protect the treated glass sheets from direct contact with said head portion when the temperature of the latter is below the strain point of the 

2. Apparatus as in claim 1 for use in press bending wherein the other of said pair of complementary molds comprises a solid type bending mold having a continuous shaping surface conforming to the contour of said frame-type bending mold and a fiber glass cloth cover over said continuous shaping surface, and means providing relative movement between said molds between a retracted position and a closed position for engaging the opposite surfaces of a heat-softened glass sheet between said covers while said molds apply pressure against said opposite surfaces.
 3. Apparatus as in claim 1, wherein said frame-type mold comprises a shaping frame having a head portion and a stem portion, a rigid plate behind the shaping frame and a series of adjustable connectors interconnecting the stem portion with the rigid plate and means to clamp The end portions of said fiber glass cover to the nearest connectors so that the cover extends in tension over the margin of the shaping frame and over the outline shaping surface defined by said frame.
 4. Apparatus as in claim 3, wherein said frame-type bending mold at an initial ambient room temperature is used in an uninterrupted mass production press bending operation of heat-softened glass sheets, further characterized by said knit fiber glass cloth cover being constructed to have sufficient durability to resist wear during intermittent press bending of successive glass sheets at least until the temperature of said head portion reaches an elevated temperature at least equal to the strain point of the glass and sufficient heat-insulating properties to protect the treated glass sheets from direct contact with said head portion when the temperature of the latter is below the strain point of the glass. 